Antispasmodic Tincture Formulation

Offizielle Warnhinweise (Health Canada)

Health Canada veröffentlicht Warnhinweise zu diesen Zutaten:

• Hypericum perforatum
  Warnhinweis, Geltungsbedingung und zitierte Studien lesen

  Offizieller Originaltext auf Englisch.

  ST. JOHN'S WORT -HYPERICUM PERFORATUM- Oral

  Vorsichtsmaßnahmen und Warnhinweise

  Anwendungsbedingung: Healthy mood balance.

  Ask a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician before use if you have a psychological disorder such as anxiety or depression.

  Anwendungsbedingung: All products.

  Ask a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician before use if you are pregnant or breastfeeding (Brinker 2010; Barnes et al. 2007; Mills and Bone 2005).

  Von Health Canada zitierte Quellen (3)

  • Barnes J, Anderson LA, Philipson JD. 2007. Herbal Medicines, 3rd edition. London (GB): The Pharmaceutical Press.
  • Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions, 4th edition. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications. 2010.
  • Mills S, Bone K. 2005. The Essential Guide to Herbal Safety. St. Louis (MO): Elsevier Churchill Livingstone.

  Ask a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician before use if you are taking seizure medications, antihistamines, bronchodilators, muscle relaxants and/or opiates (Brinker 2010; Barnes et al. 2007; Mills and Bone 2005; Kawaguchi et al. 2004; Morimoto et al. 2004; Eich-Höchli et al. 2003; Dresser et al. 2003; Hoffman 2003; Markowitz et al. 2003; Xie et al. 2003; Dannawi 2002; Gurley et al. 2002; Spinella and Eaton 2002; Wang et al. 2002; Parker et al. 2001; Wang et al. 2001; Burstein et al. 2000; Nebel et al. 1999).

  Von Health Canada zitierte Quellen (17)

  • Barnes J, Anderson LA, Philipson JD. 2007. Herbal Medicines, 3rd edition. London (GB): The Pharmaceutical Press.
  • Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions, 4th edition. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications. 2010.
  • Burstein AH, Horton RL, Dunn T, Alfaro RM, Piscitelli SC, Theodore W. 2000. Lack of effect of St John's Wort on carbazepine pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 68(6):605-612.
  • Dannawi M. 2002. Possible serotonin syndrome after combination of buspirone and St John's wort. Journal of Psychopharmacology 16(4):401.
  • Dresser GK, Schwarz UI, Wilkinson GR, Kim RB. 2003. Coordinate induction of both cytochrome P4503A and MDR1 by St John's wort in healthy subjects. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 73(1):41-50.
  • Eich-Höchli D, Oppliger R, Golay KP, Baumann P, Eap CB. 2003. Methadone maintenance treatment and St John's wort: a case report. Pharmacopsychiatry 36(1):35-37.
  • Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, Williams DK, Gentry WB, Cui Y, Ang CY. 2002. Cytochrome P450 phenotypic ratios for predicting herb-drug interactions in humans. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 72(3):276-287.
  • Kawaguchi A, Ohmori M, Tsuruoka S, Nishiki K, Harada K, Miyamori I, Yano R, Nakamura T, Masada M, Fujimura A. 2004. Drug interaction between St John's Wort and quazepam. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 58(4):403-410.
  • Markowitz JS, Donovan JL, DeVane CL, Talor RM, Ruan Y, Wang J, Chavin KD. 2003. Effect of St. John's wort on drug metabolism by induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme. The Journal of the American Medical Association. 290(11):1500-1504.
  • Mills S, Bone K. 2005. The Essential Guide to Herbal Safety. St. Louis (MO): Elsevier Churchill Livingstone.
  • Morimoto T, Kotegawa T, Tsutsumi K, Ohtani Y, Imai H, Nakano S. 2004. Effect of St. John's wort on the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in healthy volunteers. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 44(1):95-101.
  • Nebel A, Schneider BJ, Baker RK, Kroll DJ. 1999. Potential metabolic interaction between St. John's wort and theophylline. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 33(4):502.
  • Parker V, Wong AH, Boon HS, Seeman MV. 2001. Adverse reactions to St John's wort. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 46(1):77-79.
  • Spinella M, Eaton LA. 2002. Hypomania induced by herbal and pharmaceutical psychotropic medicines following mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury 16(4):359-367.
  • Wang ZQ, Hamman MA, Huang SM, Lesko LJ, Hall SD. 2002. Effect of St John's wort on the pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 71(6):414-420.
  • Wang ZQ, Gorski C, Hamman MA, Huang S, Lesko LJ, Hall SD. 2001. The effects of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) on human cytochrome P450 activity. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 70(4):317-326.
  • Xie R, Tan L, Polasek EC, Hong C, Teillol-Foo M, Gordi T, Sharma A, Nickens DJ, Arakawa T, Knuth DW, Antal EJ. 2003. CYP3A and P-glycoprotein induction with St. John's wort in healthy volunteers of selected ethnic populations. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 45(3):352-356.

  1 im Text zitierte Studie hat keine passende Angabe im Literaturverzeichnis der Monografie (siehe Auffälligkeiten auf der Quellenseite).

  When using this product avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight, ultraviolet light (UV) or UV therapy (Brinker 2010; Barnes et al. 2007; Mills and Bone 2005; ESCOP 2003; Hoffmann 2003; McGuffin et al. 1997).

  Von Health Canada zitierte Quellen (6)

  • Barnes J, Anderson LA, Philipson JD. 2007. Herbal Medicines, 3rd edition. London (GB): The Pharmaceutical Press.
  • Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions, 4th edition. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications. 2010.
  • ESCOP 2003: ESCOP Monographs: The Scientific Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products, 2nd edition. Exeter (GB): European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy and Thieme.
  • Hoffmann D. 2003. Medical Herbalism: The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine. Rochester (VT): Healing Arts Press.
  • McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, editors. 1997. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press.
  • Mills S, Bone K. 2005. The Essential Guide to Herbal Safety. St. Louis (MO): Elsevier Churchill Livingstone.

  When using this product exercise caution if you drive or use machinery as you may experience drowsiness (Bilia et al. 2002; Ernst et al. 1998).

  Von Health Canada zitierte Quellen (2)

  • Bilia AR, Gallori S, Vincieri FF. St John's wort and depression: efficacy, safety and tolerability - an update. Life Sciences 2002;70(26):3077-3096. PubMed Übersichtsartikel
  • Ernst E, Rand JI, Barnes J, Stevinson C. Adverse effects profile of the herbal antidepressant St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1998;54:589-594. PubMed Systematische Übersicht

  Ask a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician if symptoms persist or worsen.

  Gegenanzeigen

  Do not use if you are taking antidepressants, anxiolytics, anti-cancer, cardiovascular, contraceptive medications, blood thinners, anti-HIV agents and/or medications to suppress the immune system (Brinker 2010; Barnes et al. 2007; Bradley 2006; Mills and Bone 2005; Murphy et al. 2005; Frye et al. 2004; Hebert et al. 2004; Jiang et al. 2004; Mueller et al. 2004; Smith et al. 2004; Sparreboom et al. 2004; Tannergren et al. 2004; Wichtl 2004; Alscher and Klotz 2003; Bauer et al. 2003; Dresser et al. 2003; ESCOP 2003; Hall et al. 2003; Hoffmann 2003; Pfrunder et al. 2003; Schwarz et al. 2003; Bolley 2002; Gorski et al. 2002; Mathijssen et al. 2002; Ahmed et al. 2001; De Maat et al. 2001; Moschella and Jaber 2001; Roby et al. 2001; Sugimoto et al. 2001; Turton-Weeks 2001; Wang et al. 2001; Barone et al. 2000; Durr et al. 2000; Karliova et al. 2000; Mai et al. 2000; Piscitelli et al. 2000; Ruschitzka et al. 2000; Ernst 1999; Johne et al. 1999; Maurer et al. 1999; Rey and Walter 1998).

  Von Health Canada zitierte Quellen (41)

  • Ahmed SM, Banner NR, Dubrey SW. 2001. Low cyclosporin-A level due to Saint-John's-wort in heart transplant patients. Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 20(7):795.
  • Alscher DM, Klotz U. 2003. Drug interaction of herbal tea containing St. John's wort with cyclosporine. Transplant International 16(7):543-544.
  • Barnes J, Anderson LA, Philipson JD. 2007. Herbal Medicines, 3rd edition. London (GB): The Pharmaceutical Press.
  • Barone GW, Gurley BJ, Ketel BL, Lightfoot ML, Abul-Ezz SR. 2000. Drug interaction between St. John's wort and cyclosporine. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy 34(9):1013-1016.
  • Bauer S, Störmer E, Johne A, Krüger H, Budde K, Neumayer HH, Roots I, Mai I. 2003. Alterations in cyclosporin A pharmacokinetics and metabolism during treatment with St John's wort in renal transplant patients. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 55(2):203-211.
  • Bolley R, Zülke C, Kammerl M, Fischereder M, Krämer BK. 2002. Tacrolimus-induced nephrotoxicity unmasked by induction of the CYP3A4 system with St John's wort. Transplantation 73(6):1009.
  • Bradley PR, editor. 2006. British Herbal Compendium, Volume 1. Bournemouth (GB): British Herbal Medicine Association.
  • Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions, 4th edition. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications. 2010.
  • De Maat MM, Hoetelmans RM, Math t RA, van Gorp EC, Meenhorst PL, Mulder JW, Beijnen JH. 2001. Drug interaction between St John's wort and nevirapine. AIDS 15(3):420-421.
  • Dresser GK, Schwarz UI, Wilkinson GR, Kim RB. 2003. Coordinate induction of both cytochrome P4503A and MDR1 by St John's wort in healthy subjects. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 73(1):41-50.
  • Dürr D, Stieger B, Kullak-Ublick GA, Rentsch KM, Steinert HC, Meier PJ, Fattinger K. 2000.
  • ESCOP 2003: ESCOP Monographs: The Scientific Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products, 2nd edition. Exeter (GB): European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy and Thieme.
  • Ernst E. 1999. Second thoughts about the safety of St. John's wort. Lancet 354(9195):20142016.
  • Frye RF, Fitzgerald SM, Lagattuta TF, Hruska MW, Egorin MJ. 2004. Effect of St John's wort on imatinib mesylate pharmacokinetics. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 76(4):323-329.
  • Gorski JC, Hamman MA, Wang Z, Vasavada N, Huang S, Hall SD. 2002. The effect of St John's wort on the efficacy of oral contraception. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 71:P25.
  • Hall SD, Wang Z, Huang SM, Hamman MA, Vasavada N, Adigun AQ, Hilligoss JK, Miller M, Gorski JC. 2003. The interaction between St. John's wort and an oral contraceptive. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 74(6):525-535.
  • Hebert MF, Park JM, Chen YL, Akhatar S, Larson AM. 2004. Effects of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) on tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 44(1):89-94.
  • Hoffmann D. 2003. Medical Herbalism: The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine. Rochester (VT): Healing Arts Press.
  • Jiang X, Williams KM, Liauw WS, Ammit AJ, Roufogalis BD, Duke CC, Day RO, McLachlan AJ. 2004. Effect of St John's wort and ginseng on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 57(5):592-599.
  • Johne A, Brockmoller J, Bauer S, Maurer A, Langheinrich, M, Roots I. 1999. Pharmacokinetic interaction of digoxin with an herbal extract from St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum). Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 66(4):338-345.
  • Karliova M, Treichel U, Malagò M, Frilling A, Gerken G, Broelsch CE. 2000. Interaction of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) with cyclosporin A metabolism in a patient after liver transplantation. Journal of Hepatology 33(5):853-855.
  • Mai I, Krüger H, Budde K, Johne A, Brockmöller J, Neumayer HH, Roots I. 2000. Hazardous pharmacokinetic interaction of Saint John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) with the immunosuppressant cyclosporin. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 38(10):500-502.
  • Mathijssen RH, Verweij J, de Bruijn P, Loos WJ, Sparreboom A. 2002. Effects of St John's wort on irinotecan metabolism. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 94(16):1247-1249.
  • Maurer A, Johne A, Bauer S, Brockmoller F, Conath I, Roots M, Langheinrich M, Hubner WD. 1999. Interaction of St. John's wort extract with phenprocoumon [Abstract]. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 55:A22.
  • Mills S, Bone K. 2005. The Essential Guide to Herbal Safety. St. Louis (MO): Elsevier Churchill Livingstone.
  • Moschella C, Jaber BL. 2001. Interaction between cyclosporine and Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) after organ transplantation. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 38(5):1105-1107.
  • Mueller SC, Uehleke B, Woehling H, Petzsch M, Majcher-Peszynska J, Hehl EM, Sievers H, Frank B, Riethling AK, Drewelow B. 2004. Effect of St. John's wort dose and preparations on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin. Clinical Pharmacology and Therpeutics 75(6):546-557.
  • Murphy A, Kern SE, Stanczyk FZ, Westhoff CL. 2005. Interaction of St. John's Wort with oral contraceptives: effects on the pharmacokinetics of norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol, ovarian activity and breakthrough bleeding. Contraception 71(6):402-408.
  • Pfrunder A, Schiesser M, Gerber S, Haschke M, Bitzer J, Drewe J. 2003. Interaction of St. John's wort with low-dose oral contraceptive therapy: a randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 56(6):683-690.
  • Piscitelli SC, Burstein AH, Chaitt D, Alfaro RM, Falloon J. 2000. Indinavir concentrations and St John's wort. Lancet 355(9203):547-548.
  • Rey JM, Walter G. 1998. Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) in depression: pest or blessing? The Medical Journal of Australia 169(11-12):583-586.
  • Roby CA, Dryer DA, Burstein AH. 2001. St. John's wort: effect on CYP2D6 activity using dextromethorphan-dextrorphan ratios. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 21(5):530-532.
  • Ruschitzka F, Meier PJ, Turina M, Lüscher TF, Noll G. 2000. Acute heart transplant rejection due to Saint John's wort. Lancet 355(9203):548-549.
  • Schwarz UI, Büschel B, Kirch W. 2003. Unwanted pregnancy on self- medication with St John's wort despite hormonal contraception. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 55(1):112-113.
  • Smith P, Bullock JM, Booker BM, Haas CE, Berenson CS, Jusko WJ. 2004. The influence of St. John's wort on the pharmacokinetics and protein binding of imatinib mesylate. Pharmacotherapy 24(11):1508-1514.
  • Sparreboom A, Cox MC, Acharya MR, Figg WD. 2004. Herbal remedies in the United States: potential adverse interactions with anticancer agents. Journal of Clinical Oncology 22(12):2489-2503.
  • Sugimoto K, Ohmori M, Tsuruoka S, Nishiki K, Kawaguchi A, Harada K, Arakawa M, Sakamoto K, Masada M, Miyamori I, Fujimura A. 2001. Different effects of St John's Wort on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin and pravastatin. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 70(6):518-524.
  • Tannergren C, Engman H, Knutson L, Hedeland M, Bondesson U, Lennernäs H. 2004. St. John's wort decreases the bioavailability of R- and S-verapamil through induction of the first-pass metabolism. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 75(4):298-309.
  • Turton-Weeks SM, Barone GW, Gurley BJ, Ketel BL, Lightfoot ML, Abul-Ezz SR. 2001. St John's wort: a hidden risk for transplant patients. Progress in Transplantation 11(2):116-120.
  • Wang ZQ, Gorski C, Hamman MA, Huang S, Lesko LJ, Hall SD. 2001. The effects of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) on human cytochrome P450 activity. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 70(4):317-326.
  • Wichtl M, editor. 2004. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals: A Handbook for Practice on a Scientific Basis, 3rd edition. Stuttgart (D): Medpharm GmbH Scientific Publishers.

  1 im Text zitierte Studie hat keine passende Angabe im Literaturverzeichnis der Monografie (siehe Auffälligkeiten auf der Quellenseite).

  Bekannte Nebenwirkungen

  When using this product you may experience mild gastrointestinal disturbances, restlessness, and/or headaches (Barnes et al. 2007; ESCOP 2003).

  Von Health Canada zitierte Quellen (2)

  • Barnes J, Anderson LA, Philipson JD. 2007. Herbal Medicines, 3rd edition. London (GB): The Pharmaceutical Press.
  • ESCOP 2003: ESCOP Monographs: The Scientific Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products, 2nd edition. Exeter (GB): European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy and Thieme.

  Stop use and ask a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician if you experience muscle rigidity or contractions, tremors, agitation/confusion, increased heart rate, or hypersensitivity/allergy (Boyer 2023; Mayo Clinic Staff 2022; Erner et al. 2003; Papakostas et al. 2007; Barnes et al. 2007; ESCOP 2003).

  Von Health Canada zitierte Quellen (6)

  • Barnes J, Anderson LA, Philipson JD. 2007. Herbal Medicines, 3rd edition. London (GB): The Pharmaceutical Press.
  • Boyer EW. Liebelt EL, Ganetsky M. 2023. Serotonin syndrome (serotonin toxicity). UpToDate. [Accessed 2023 September 11]. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/serotonin-syndrome-serotonin-toxicity
  • ESCOP 2003: ESCOP Monographs: The Scientific Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products, 2nd edition. Exeter (GB): European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy and Thieme.
  • Erner RA, Meglathery SB, Van Decker WA, Gallagher RM. 2003. Serotonin Syndrome and Other Serotonergic Disorders, Pain Medicine, Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 63-74.
  • Mayo Clinic Staff. 2022. Persistent depressive disorder. Mayo Clinic. [Accessed 2023 September 11]. Available from : https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/persistent-depressive-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350935
  • Papakostas GI, Crawford CM, Scalia MJ, Fava M. 2007. Timing of clinical improvement and symptom resolution in the treatment of major depressive disorder. A replication of findings with the use of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Hypericum perforatum versus fluoxetine. Neuropsychobiology 56(2-3):132-137.

  1 im Text zitierte Studie hat keine passende Angabe im Literaturverzeichnis der Monografie (siehe Auffälligkeiten auf der Quellenseite).

  Monografie von Health Canada vom 26. Juli 2024

  ST. JOHN'S WORT - HYPERICUM PERFORATUM - Topical

  Vorsichtsmaßnahmen und Warnhinweise

  For external use only.

  When using this product avoid contact with eyes. If contact occurs, rinse thoroughly with water.

  Stop use and ask a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician if symptoms worsen or last (for) more than 7 days.

  Keep out of reach of children. If swallowed, call a poison control centre or get medical help right away.

  Gegenanzeigen

  Do not use on deep or puncture wounds, animal bites or serious burns.

  Monografie von Health Canada vom 28. Februar 2025

• Zingiber officinale
  Warnhinweis, Geltungsbedingung und zitierte Studien lesen

  Offizieller Originaltext auf Englisch.

  GINGER - ZINGIBER OFFICINALE

  Art der Anwendung: Oral

  Vorsichtsmaßnahmen und Warnhinweise

  Ask a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician if symptoms persist or worsen.

  Monografie von Health Canada vom 19. Dezember 2025

• Actaea racemosa
  Warnhinweis, Geltungsbedingung und zitierte Studien lesen

  Offizieller Originaltext auf Englisch.

  Black Cohosh - Actaea Racemosa

  Art der Anwendung: Oral

  Vorsichtsmaßnahmen und Warnhinweise

  Ask a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician if symptoms persist or worsen.

  Ask a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician before use if you are breastfeeding.

  Ask a health care practitioner/health care provider/health care professional/doctor/physician before use if you have a liver disorder or develop symptoms of liver trouble (EMA 2018, 2007; Lynch et al. 2006; Mills et al. 2006; Cohen et al. 2004; NIH 2004).

  Von Health Canada zitierte Quellen (6)

  • Cohen SM, O'Connor AM, Hart J, Merel NH, Te HS. Autoimmune hepatitis associated with the use of black cohosh: a case study. Menopause: the Journal of the North American Menopause Society 2004;11(5):575-577. PubMed Fallbericht
  • EMA 2018: European Medicines Agency. Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC). European Union Herbal monograph on Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt., rhizome. March 2018. [Accessed 2025 January 3]. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-monograph/final-european-union-herbal-monograph-cimicifuga-racemosa-l-nutt-rhizome-revision-1_en.pdf
  • EMA 2007: European Medicines Agency. Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) Annex 1. Assessment of case reports connected to herbal medicinal products containing Cimicifugae racemosae rhizoma (Black cohosh, root). London (UK): European Medicines Agency; May 20027. [Accessed 2025 January 3]. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/herbal-report/assessment-case-reports-connected-herbal-medicinal-products-containing-cimicifugae-racemosae-rhizoma-black-cohosh-root_en.pdf
  • Lynch CR, Folkers ME, Hutson WR. Fulminant hepatic failure associated with the use of black cohosh: a case report. Liver Transplantation 2006;12(6):989-992. PubMed Fallbericht
  • Mills E, Duguoa J, Perri D, Koren G. Herbal Medicines in Pregnancy and Lactation. New York (NY): Taylor and Francis; 2006.
  • NIH 2004: National Institutes of Health. Workshop on the Safety of Black Cohosh in Clinical Studies. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; November 22, 2004. [Accessed 2024 December 3]. Available from: https://files.nccih.nih.gov/s3fs-public/news/blackcohosh_mtngsumm.pdf

  Gegenanzeigen

  Do not use if you are pregnant (Brinker 2010; Hoffmann 2003; Tilgner 1999).

  Von Health Canada zitierte Quellen (3)

  • Brinker F. Herb Contraindications and Drug Interactions, 4th edition. Sandy (OR): Eclectic Medical Publications; 2010.
  • Hoffmann D. Medical Herbalism. Rochester (VT): Healing Arts Press; 2003.
  • Tilgner S. Herbal Medicine from the Heart of the Earth Creswell (OR): Wise Acre Press; 1999.

  Monografie von Health Canada vom 31. Januar 2025